Mathematics is the language without which science, commerce, industry, the internet, and the entire global economic infrastructure are struck dumb. Mathematics is regarded as pillar of almost all the streams in academics given its importance in tertiary education and most careers. It is not only beneficial but also essential. Hence, Mathematics is not only a language and a subject in itself, but it is also critical in fostering logical and rigorous thinking; as such its influence is immense.
Aminu (1990) argued that mathematics is not only the language of sciences, but essential nutrient fo thought, logical reasoning and progress. Mathematics liberates the mind and also gives individuals an assessment of the intellectual abilities by pointing towards direction of improvement. He concluded by saying that mathematics is the basis of all sciences and technology which application cut across all areas of human
knowledge. The essence of Mathematics therefore lies in its beauty and its intellectual challenge. Both scientific breakthrough and technological development are facilitated by the precise language of Mathematics. This implies that there exists a strong link between progress in mathematics and technological advancement. Thus, every man requires a certain amount of competence in basic topics in mathematics for the purposes of handling money, prosecuting daily businesses, interpreting mathematical graphs and charts as well as thinking logically.
(Bandura, 1997). In spite of all these, the subject is still seen as a difficult one and has generated phobia among learners. The differential scholastic achievement of students in Nigeria has been and is still a source of concern and research interest to educators, government and parents. This is so because of the great importance it has on the national development of the country. All over the country, there is a consensus of opinion about the fallen standard of education in Nigeria (Adebule, 2004). Parents and government are in total agreement that their huge investment on education is not yielding the desired dividend. Teachers also complain of students’ low performance at both internal and external examinations. The annual releases of Senior Secondary Certificate Examination results (SSCE) conducted by West African Examinations Council (WAEC) justified the problematic nature and generalization of poor secondary school students’ performance in different school subjects. A wealth of research reported that students blamed their poor performance on three broad areas: teaching problems, negative attitudes of students towards the subject, and examination difficulty. The degree of blame on these areas as reported is given as teaching problems / method, 67%; negative attitude, 42% and examination difficulties, 21%. This agrees with the study of Fajemidagba (1986) who had earlier identified problems of mathematics learning as students' perception of same to be highly theoretical and meaningless to everyday activities. He also observed that teachers adopt poor methods in the teaching of mathematics in schools, and that high percentage of the relatively small number of the available textbooks does not reflect the culture of the Nigerian children. He submitted further that mathematics teachers often say mathematics is useful but failed to show its usefulness. Hence, most students could not see reason for studying mathematics (Fajemidagba, 1999).
Further to this, Aremu and Sokan (2003) submit that the search for the causations of poor academic achievement in mathematics is unending but some of the major factors they put forward are: methods of teaching, self-esteem / self efficacy, study habits, teacher consultation and poor interpersonal relationships. The foregoing seems to make it increasingly a source of concern considering the fact that mathematics plays a vital role in scientific, technological and social progress of any nation and indeed all works of life. The debate on appropriate teaching strategy is inclusive and widely open to further investigation. Consequently, the question emerges again, does learning strategy affects students performance in mathematics? This study investigated the effect of guided-discovery learning strategy on students performance in mathematics. The study also examined the influence of gender and scoring level on students performance in mathematics.